The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in chronic kidneydisease—review and vagus nerve stimulation clinical pilot study
Marie Hilderman1 and Annette Bruchfeld1,2 ABSTRAC: TInflammation and autonomic dysfunction are common find-ings in chronic and end-stage kidney disease and contribute to amarkedly increased risk of mortality in this patient population.The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is a vagalneuro-immune circuit that upholds the homoeostatic balanceof inflammatory activity in response to cell injury and patho-gens. CAP models have been […]
